Spectra lab

In this lab, we learned about three different spectars. They are Continuous, Emission, and Absorption.
Continuous Spectra (all the colors) are all of the colors in a rainbow. With the continuous spectra there is every  kind of wave and light in it. They are also called thermal spectrums.
Emission
The spectrum of bright lines, bands, or continuous radiation characteristics of and determined by a specific emitting substances subjected to a specific kind of excitation.The light is passed through a spectrometer, and the energy is dimmed in the spectrum, leaving only a small portion of light.
Absorption
The electromagnetic spectrum, broken by a specific pattern of dark lines or bands, observed when radiation traverses a particular absorbing medium. The absorption pattern in unique and can be used t identify the material. Theres a material that absorbs the light such as a cloud of gas. It's almost a continuous spectrum even though the black body in between you, and the light source is distorting it a little bit.

Hydrogen
orange green blue



Mercury
red yellow green blue purple

Nitrogen
red yellow purple green brown green blue purple

Argon
red orange yellow green purple

Helium
green blue orange red

Neon
red orange yellow brown green blue

atomic structure assessment* ch 4

Pg 112 :

28.  All matter is composed of atoms which contains protons, neutrons, and electrons in the nucleus

35. the cathode ray

39. The electrons stay confined in the nucleus because they are negative, and the protons are positive which attract. So the electromagnetic force cause them to stay.

40. The tube is filled with low pressured gas so its not like its hectic in their. The particles connect to the opposite charges as the voltage and magnetic force runs.

50. The superscript in the notation represents the mass number and the subscript stands for the atomic number.

51. You know the mass number and atomic number but how do you find out the number of neutrons? Well  if you have those two things, you take the subtract the atomic number to the mass number which will figure out the number of neutrons.

60.  Vanadium (V) protons: 23 electrons: 23----> Manganese (Mn) protons: 25 electrons:25----> Iridium (Ir) protons: 77 electrons: 77----> Sulfur (S) protons:16 electrons: 16

64. Cs- protons & electrons: 55 neutrons: 80

      Co- protons & electrons: 27 neutrons: 32

      Tm- protons & electrons: 69 neutrons: 94

      Zn- protons & electrons: 30 neutrons: 50

65. a: 31 protons & electrons, 33 neutrons
      b. 9 protons & electrons, 14 neutrons
      c. 22 protons & electrons, 26 neutrons
      d 2 protons & electrons, 6 neutrons
68. percent abundance (mass) = atomic mass. .  51.992
85.  You cannot  pass your hand through an solid object even though atoms are primarily composed of empty space just because they are all connect in place vibrating.

chromatography*

I did a chromatography experiment. I used filtered paper and a petri dish. Then i filled the dish up with water. Then I drew a design on the filtration paper. After I made two wholes on each side of the paper.Next, I rolled up a piece of paper and put it in the whole. Then I watched the water travel into the paper. It caused the ink to separate. Some the inks separated more than others. The colors with smaller molecules separated more because the smaller molecules were lighter to travel through.

Separation of mixtures lab*

I thought this lab was cool, I never did anything like this before. I learned a lot of new things. One thing that i learned is how to separate the mixtures. The first thing we did was got a beaker and added sugar, dirt,and then boiling stones. Then we exchanges out ingredients with another group. We decided that there was: iron metels, boiling stones, and calcium chloride. However we didn't know how to figure out how much of the ingredient there was. We tried to separate the mixtures by a magnet and net. I learned that we used a type of filtration.

Kendra and I first did our own mixture we added:
sugar 23.40
dirt 12.98
boiling stones 2.76

The other group got:
sugar: 25.10
Dirt:18
boiling stones: 14



Filtration-sperates solids from liquids by using a parous barrier
Distillation-Separates substance on the basis of the boiling points of the substance
Chromatgraphy-separates substance based on their movements through a special paper
Centrifuation- separates the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.


We exchanged with Logan's group. We used a net to try and separate the mixture. It worked pretty good but not good enough we still needed something to get all the iron metal. So Then we used a magnet to separate the iron metel




This is what we got for their mixture:

iron metals 27.26

boiling stones 22.57

calcium chloride 3.04

These were the real result:

iron metal: 23
boiling stones: 14
calcium chloride: 7